Effect of advanced glycation end products on autophagic ability in osteoblasts / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Excessive production of AGEs in diabetic patients will affect the normal function of osteoblasts, and this process may be related to autophagy of osteoblasts. This study aims to explore the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on autophagic activity during osteogenic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).@*METHODS@#BMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro, treated with different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L) of AGEs for different time (3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). The proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8 method. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Beclin1 and LC3 in cells were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively.The autophagic vacuoles were observed under the transmission electron microscope. The cells were treated with autophagy promoter rapamycin or autophagy inhibitor 3MA. After 7 days of osteogenic induction, we performed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and real-time PCR to detect the mRNA expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes.@*RESULTS@#In the low-concentration groups, the proliferation activity in BMSCs was increased (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Low concentration of AGEs can enhance the proliferative activity of BMSCs and promote osteogenic differentiation by accelerating autophagy. High concentration of AGEs can suppress the proliferation of BMSCs and inhibit osteogenic differentiation by reducing autophagy.

Effects of advanced glycation end products on osteoclasts at different stages of differentiation / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on osteoclasts at different stages of differentiation.@*METHODS@#Raw264.7 cells cultured were induced for osteoclastogenesis using RANKL, and the stages of differentiation of the osteoclasts were determined with TRAP staining. The cells were then randomly divided into control group, early-stage AGEs intervention group and late-stage AGEs intervention group. The viability of the cells after AGEs treatment was assessed using CCK-8 method. The cells were examined after the induction for osteoclastogenesis using TRAP staining, and the expression levels of RANK, NFATC-1, TRAF-6, TRAP and CTSK mRNAs were tested with RT-PCR; the expressions of CTSK and RANK proteins were detected using Western boltting.@*RESULTS@#We defined the initial 3 days of induction as the early stage of differentiation and the time beyond 3 days as the late stage of differentiation of Raw264.7 cells. Intervention with AGEs at 100 mg/L produced no significant effects on the viability of the cells, but AGEs suppressed the cell proliferation at a concentration exceeding 100 mg/L. The number of osteolasts in the early- and late-stage intervention groups was greater than that in the control group, but the cell count differed significantly only between the early-stage intervention group and control group ( < 0.05). The gene expressions of RANK, NFATC-1, TRAF-6, TRAP and CTSK all increased after the application of AGEs in both the early and late stages of differentiation, but the changes were significant only in the early-stage intervention group ( < 0.05). The changes in CTSK and RANK protein expressions were consistent with their mRNA expressions.@*CONCLUSIONS@#AGEs can affect the differentiation of osteoclasts differently when applied at different stages, and intervention with AGEs at the early stage produces stronger effect to promote osteoclast differentiation than its application at a late stage.

Comparison of odontoblast differentiation capacity between stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and dental pulp stem cells / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the difference in odontoblast differentiation capacity between stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and to examine the expression level of ephrinB1 in odontoblast differentiation of these stem cells.@*METHODS@#The stems cells were divided into a SHED group and a DPSCs group. After odontoblast differentiation induction, the above 2 groups were also randomly divided into a 3 d group and a 7 d group, respectively.The calcium deposition was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining.The mRNA and protein expressions of ephrinB1, dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#ALP staining and alizarin red staining showed that there was stronger mineralization capacity in the SHED group than that in the DPSCs group. The relative mRNA and protein expressions of DMP-1, DSPP, and ephrinB1 in the SHED group were higher than those in the DPSCs group except for the protein expression of DMP-1 in the SHED 3 d group (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SHED has stronger odontoblast differentiation capacity than DPSCs. In addition, ephrinB1 may be involved in the processes of odontoblast differentiation in the SHED and DPSCs.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis on en-mass retraction of anterior teeth with clear aligner / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the mechanical effects during en-mass retraction of maxillary anterior teeth with clear aligner using three-dimensional finite element method.@*Methods@#Cone-beam CT (CBCT) was used to scan a female orthodontic patient (26 years old, from Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University) whose maxillary first premolars were extracted and maxillary dentition had been aligned and leveled. A finite element model including maxillary teeth-periodontal ligament (PDL)-alveolar bone-clear aligner was established by using Mimics 17.0, SolidWorks 2016 and Geomagic Studio 2015 software packages. The process of 0.2 mm en-mass retraction of anterior teeth using clear aligner was simulated by using non-linear contact method of Abaqus 6.14. The trend and displacement of maxillary teeth, the stress distribution of PDL and alveolar fossae, and the deformation trend of clear aligner were obtained and analyzed.@*Results@#Under the experimental condition, lingual crown tipping and distal tipping movement of anterior teeth were observed, and all of them had the tendency of overbite increasing.The maximum displacement of the central incisor, lateral incisor and canine were 25.16, 50.34 and 24.98 μm, respectively. Meanwhile, the second premolar, first molar and second molar had the tendency of mesial tipping movement, and the maximum displacement of them were 33.04, 2.90 and 16.63 μm, respectively. The stress distribution both at the PDL and alveolar fossae were consistent with tooth movement pattern. It was noted that the stress in the PDL of the canine and second premolar were comparatively big, and the corresponding apical areas of alveolar fossae appeared stress concentration. Concurrently, it was found that the clear aligner showed stress concentration at the junction of adjacent teeth with a tendency of crown directional dislocation.@*Conclusions@#During en-mass retraction of anterior teeth with clear aligner, attention should be paid to the overbite and torque in anterior teeth, and the anchorage protection of posterior teeth. At the same time, we should be careful of root resorption of the teeth on both sides of the extraction space.

Bone remodeling in patients with juvenile condylar resorption after stabilization splint treatment / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate bone remodeling in patients with different types of juvenile condylar resorption after stabilization splint treatment using cone-beam CT (CBCT).@*Methods@#Fifty-nine juvenile condylar resorption patients (114 sides of condyle) treated with stabilization splint from January 2012 to May 2018 in Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were selected as splint group, while twenty-four patients (48 sides of condyle) who underwent natural remodeling without stabilization splint treatment after 6-12 months were severed as control group. Pre-and post-treatment CBCT was taken for all patients. There were three types of condyles (including type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ) before treatment and four types of condyles (including progression, no changes, stable without new bone and remodeled with new bone) after treatment. Progression and no change were considered as poor curative effect, and stable without new bone and remodeled with new bone were considered to be effective. The vertical distance of the condylar height was measured and compared before and after treatment in the two groups.@*Results@#Significant difference in treatment outcome was found in types Ⅰ and Ⅱ between the splint group and the control group (Z=-2.874, P=0.004; Z=-3.874, P=0.000), and no significant difference was found in type Ⅲ between the two groups (Z=-0.617, P=0.537). The difference of condylar progression percentage [splint group: 43% (15/35), control group: 80% (16/20)] was statistically significant between the two groups in type Ⅱ (χ2=7.139, P=0.011), and no significant difference was found in types Ⅰ and Ⅲ between the two groups (χ2=0.103, P=0.748; χ2=1.249, P=0.540). In two groups, the condylar height difference before and after treatment in type Ⅱ condylar resorption was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Stabilization splint treatment was effective in patients with different types of juvenile condylar resorption, especially in type Ⅰ. However, it was difficult to reverse the height reduction of the condylar bone regardless of treatment.

Volumetric Changes in Hippocampal Subregions and Memory Performance in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis / 神经科学通报·英文版

In the present study we explored the different patterns of volumetric atrophy in hippocampal subregions of patients with left and right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS). Meanwhile, the memory impairment patterns in Chinese-speaking TLE-HS patients and potential influencing factors were also determined. TLE-HS patients (21 left and 17 right) and 21 healthy controls were recruited to complete T2-weighted imaging and verbal/nonverbal memory assessment. The results showed that both left and right TLE-HS patients had overall reduced hippocampal subregion volumes on the sclerotic side, and cornu ammonis sectors (CA1) exhibited maximum atrophy. The verbal memory of left TLE-HS patients was significantly impaired (P < 0.001) and was not associated with the volumes of the left hippocampal subregions. Verbal or nonverbal memory impairment was not found in the patients with right TLE-HS. These results suggested that the atrophy of hippocampal subregion volumes cannot account for the verbal memory impairment, which might be related to the functional network.

Identification of biological characteristics of platelet-rich fibrin and its effects on proliferation and differentiation of adipose derived stem cells / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To explore the biological characteristics of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and its effects on proliferation and differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs). Methods · The whole blood was collected from the forelimb vein of healthy beagles to prepare the PRF membrane, which were observed with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. ADSCs were collected from the inguinaladipose tissue and were isolated and cultured. Identification of multi-directionaldifferentiation potential was performed. ADSCs were assigned to the PRF group and the control group, the former was treated with PRF in vitro. Cell proliferation wasmeasured with CCK-8. Osteogenesis induction was performed for two groups and the expression of genes associated with osteogenesis, including osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and collagen I (Col- Ⅰ ), was measured with RT-PCR before induction and 4 and 7 days after induction. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activitywas measured 7 days after induction. Results · PRF is a milk white fibrin glue with elasticity and toughness. PRF can form loose and porous three dimensional network structure, which harbors lots of platelets and leucocytes. The cell proliferation activity was significantly higher in the PRF group than in the control group. After osteogenesis induction, the ALP activity and the mRNA levels of OCN, OPN, and Col- Ⅰ were significantly increased. Conclusion · PRF is a fibrin glue with three dimension network structure and contains lots of platelets, which can slowly release growth factors. PRF can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.

Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of the temporomandibular joint and dental characteristics of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion and asymmetry / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: Treating Class II subdivision malocclusion with asymmetry has been a challenge for orthodontists because of the complicated characteristics of asymmetry. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of dental and skeletal asymmetry in Class II subdivision malocclusion, and to assess the relationship between the condyle-glenoid fossa and first molar. METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 32 patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion were three-dimensionally reconstructed using the Mimics software. Forty-five anatomic landmarks on the reconstructed structures were selected and 27 linear and angular measurements were performed. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare the average differences between the Class I and Class II sides; Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used for analyzing the linear association. RESULTS: The faciolingual crown angulation of the mandibular first molar (p < 0.05), sagittal position of the maxillary and mandibular first molars (p < 0.01), condylar head height (p < 0.01), condylar process height (p < 0.05), and angle of the posterior wall of the articular tubercle and coronal position of the glenoid fossa (p < 0.01) were significantly different between the two sides. The morphology and position of the condyle-glenoid fossa significantly correlated with the three-dimensional changes in the first molar. CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetry in the sagittal position of the maxillary and mandibular first molars between the two sides and significant lingual inclination of the mandibular first molar on the Class II side were the dental characteristics of Class II subdivision malocclusion. Condylar morphology and glenoid fossa position asymmetries were the major components of skeletal asymmetry and were well correlated with the three-dimensional position of the first molar.

A comparative study of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography in the diagnosis of external apical root resorption / 重庆医学

Objective To compare the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT ) and periapical radiography in the diagnosis of simulated external apical root resorption (EARR) .Methods The study sample comprised 160 single-rooted premolars for simulating 4 degrees of EARR :no(intact teeth) ,mild(cavity of 1 .0 mm in diameter and depth in root surface) ,moderate(1 .0 mm root shortening) ,and severe(3 .0 mm root shortening) .Two sets of radiographic images were acquired with CBCT and periapi-cal radiography .The severity for all resorption lesions were evaluated blindly by one calibrated examiner .The percentages of correct classification of each degree of EARR were compared between the two imaging techniques using McNemar test .Results With CBCT method ,the percentages of correct classification of no ,mild ,moderate ,severe and all EARR were 95 .0% ,97 .5% ,42 .5% , 87 .5% and 80 .6% ,respectively ;with periapical radiography method ,the percentages were 85 .0% ,42 .5% ,70 .0% ,92 .5% and 72 .5% ,respectively .Significant differences were found between the two imaging techniques for evaluating mild ,moderate ,and all-EARR(P<0 .05) .Conclusion CBCT imaging is more reliable than periapical radiography for detecting EARR ,whereas it is not sensitive to moderate root shortening .In orthodontic practices ,CBCT could be applied to the early diagnosis of EARR ,in order to help make the decision on continuation and modification of orthodontic treatment .

Correlation of neurochemical metabolism with memory function in young adult patients with first-episode depression studied with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation of neurochemical metabolism in hippocampus with memory function in young adult patients with first-episode depression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty patients with first-episode depression (patient group) and fifteen health subjects (control group) were enrolled in the study. The neurochemical metabolism, including the levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cr), Myoinositol (mI) were measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscope (1H-MRS) in bilateral hippocampus. Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) were used to examine the memory function in both groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The memory quotient (89.15 ±6.62) of patient group was significantly lower than that of controls (P <0.01),the scores of long-term memory,short-term memory and immediate memory in patients were also lower than those of controls (P<0.05 or 0.01). In patient group, the ratio of NAA/Cr (1.34 ±0.08) in the left hippocampus was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.01); and the ratio of mI/Cr in the bilateral hippocampus [(0.63 ±0.13) in left and (0.6 ±0.1) in right] was significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). In patient group,the ratio of NAA/Cr in the left hippocampus was positively correlated with WMS scores (P<0.01), and the ratio of mI/Cr in the left hippocampus was negatively correlated with WMS scores (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The memory deficit and abnormal metabolism function of neuron cell in hippocampus coexist in young adult patients with first-episode depression, and the lower NAA/Cr and higher mI/Cr ratio in the left hippocampus may result in the memory deficit.</p>

Histopathological study on the healing of orthodontic implant-bone interface adjacent to extraction / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Osseointegration of orthodontic microscrew implant is influenced by tooth extraction. This study aims to evaluate the safety margin of the osseointegration of orthodontic implants by investigating the healing process of the implant-bone interface through histopathological studies and quantitative determination.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve male beagles were selected and randomly divided into four groups. An orthodontic microscrew was implanted beside the tooth extraction area. Animals were killed in 1, 3, 8, and, 12 weeks to investigate tissue response. Histomorphological observation and bone implant contact ratio (BIC) tests were performed at different healing time after implantation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A new bone was formed on the implant-bone interface of the control group. Bone resorptions were also detected in the experimental group 3 weeks after implantation. The BIC level of the control groups increased during the first 8 weeks; no change was observed anymore after the 8th week. On the other hand, the BIC value in the experimental group decreased in the first 3 weeks. It then increased rapidly and reached its peak of 80.08% in the 8th week. No significant difference wa s found between the experimental and control groups in the first 3 weeks. After the 3rd week, the BIC value of the experimental group (44.35%) was lower than that of the control group (55.46%) (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The healing process after implantation was influenced by tooth extraction. Bone resorption was detected at an early stage. However, vigorous bone remodeling was observed subsequently.</p>

The treatment effects of proton pump inhibitor combined with flupenthixol melitracen on non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease with anxiety and depression / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) combined with flupethixol melitracen in the treatment of non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD) with anxiety and depression.Methods Fifty six NERD patients with anxiety and depression were evenly divided into the positive treatment group and positive control group.Thirty NERD patients without anxiety and depression were set as negative control group.Both flupethixol melitracen (20 mg per day after breakfast) and PPI esomeprazole magnesium (20 mg per day,20 minutes before breakfast) were administrated in positive treatment group.Only esomeprazole magnesium was given in positive control group and negative control group and the dosage was same as that of positive treatment group.The treatment course of three groups was eight weeks.Before and after the treatment,the symptoms of patients were scored according to gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GERDQ),Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA),Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI).Adverse effects were also observed.Variance analysis was performed for the comparison among three groups.Variance analysis or Post-hoc analysis were used for comparison between two groups.Results The differences of different score value before and after treatment of three groups were statistically significant in total score of GERD Q,score of type A,score of type C,score of HAMA,score of HAMD and PSQI (F=6.32,3.93,5.63,49.61,78.69 and 7.07,all P＜ 0.05).The differences of the score value before and after treatment of positive treatment group in total score of GERD Q,score of type A,score of type C,score of HAMA,score of HAMD and PSQI (4.24±2.05,3.16±1.46,1(0,3),9.32±3.21 and 8.88±2.92) were all higher than those of positive control group (2.38±2.22,1.68±1.33,0(0,2),3.72±2.95 and 3.84±1.97) and negative control group (2.32±2.18,2.48±1.34,0(0,1),2.36±1.25 and 2.36±0.79).And the differences were statistically significant (positive treatment group vs positive control group:Post-hoc analysis,P=0.002,0.022,0.003,0.002 and 0.002; positive treatment group vs negative control group:Post-hoc analysis,P=0.001,0.021,0.004,0.001 and 0.001).The difference of the score value before and after treatment of positive treatment group in PSQI (4 (2,6)) was higher than that of negative control group (2 (1,3),Post-hoc analysis,P=0.001).Two cases of positive treatment group had mild dizziness and the symptom relieved after three to four days.Conclusions For NERD patients with anxiety and depression,anti-depression drug flupenthixol melitracen can be used and the effect is superior to using PPI alone.

Physiological factors of anxiety and depression in health check-up populations: Logistic regression analysis / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between mental status and some physical indicators,so as to identify the influencing factors of anxiety and depression in health check-up populations.Methods A total of 3885 health check-up adults enrolled in this investigation.Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),self-rating depression scale (SDS),and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL90) were used to evaluate mental health of the participants.Physical indicators,including body mass index (BMI),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),triglyceride (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),serum free three iodine armour gland original acid (FT5),serum free thyroxine (FT4),and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),were retrospectively reviewed.Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between mental health and physical signs,and the Logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the influencing factors of anxiety and depression.Results Increased prevalence of anxiety and depression was found in females or those with lower education level.For the health check-up populations,anxiety and depression were negatively correlated to BMI,SBP,DBP,LDL-C,FT3 and FT4.In Logistic regression analysis,LDL-C,FT3 and FT4 were related to SDS score,while SBP,FT3,and FT4 were related to SAS score.Conclusion Our data suggest that emotion could be affected by gender and education level; SBP,LDL-C,FT3,and FT4 may be protective factors of anxiety and depression.